Reinventing Project BioShield

2 September 2011

By Jon Cohen, Science

The government's efforts to protect the public from bioattacks have been hampered by ongoing struggles to mesh military and civilian strategies

In fall 2001, a few weeks after terrorists shook the world by fl ying commercial airliners into the Twin Towers, a second wave of attacks hit the United States. They caused far less harm but triggered powerful aftershocks of fear. Envelopes containing anthrax spores, sent to several news outlets and two U.S. senators, infected 22 people and killed five of them. Protecting against future bioterrorism attacks became a top priority for the government, and in his 2003 State of the Union address President George W. Bush announced the creation of Project BioShield. This "major research and production effort to guard our people against bioterrorism," Bush said, would "quickly make available effective vaccines and treatments against agents like anthrax, botulinum toxin, Ebola, and plague."

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